The Apostles’ Creed 

I believe in God the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth. And in Jesus Christ his only Son our Lord; who was conceived by the Holy Ghost, born of the virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, dead, and buried; he descended to the dead; the third day he rose again from the dead; he ascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of God the Father Almighty; from thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead. I believe in the Holy Ghost; the holy catholic* Church; the communion of saints; the forgiveness of sins; the resurrection of the body; and the life everlasting. Amen. 

* This reference is to the church universal. The creed existed before the word catholic was applied to the Roman Church.

We stand on the shoulders of long line of faithful Christians who have gone on before us, who now with Christ our Lord seated in the heavenly coliseum, cheering us on as we run the race set before us. They formulated the creed to define the doctrines and firmly establish the pillars on what our faith and beliefs stand on.

Christ appears to the disciples at the table after the Resurrection (Duccio di Buoninsegna d.1319)

The Apostles' Creed (Latin: Symbolum Apostolorum or Symbolum Apostolicum), sometimes titled the Apostolic Creed or the Symbol of the Apostles is a Christian creed or "symbol of faith".

It most likely originates in 5th-century Gaul, as a development of the Old Roman Symbol, the old Latin creed of the 4th century. It has been in liturgical use in the Latin rite since the 8th century, and by extension in the various modern branches of Western Christianity. The Eastern Orthodox Church does not use the Apostles Creed, because the Nicene Creed is more elaborative.

The following gives the original Latin text, with the traditional division into twelve articles, alongside an English translation. 

Underlined passages are those not present in the Old Roman Symbol as recorded by  Tyrannius Rufinus.

1. Credo in Deum Patrem omnipotentem, Creatorem caeli et terrae,	I believe in God the Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth,
2. et in Iesum Christum, Filium Eius unicum, Dominum nostrum,	and believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord,
3. qui conceptus est de Spiritu Sancto, natus ex Maria Virgine,	who was conceived from the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary,
4.  passus sub Pontio Pilato, crucifixus, mortuus, et sepultus,	who suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried,
5.  descendit ad inferos, tertia die resurrexit a mortuis,	descended into hell, rose again from the dead on the third day,
6. ascendit ad caelos, sedet ad dexteram Dei Patris omnipotentis,	ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father,
7. inde venturus est iudicare vivos et mortuos.	who will come again to judge the living and the dead.
8. Credo in Spiritum Sanctum,	I believe in the Holy Spirit,
9. sanctam Ecclesiam catholicam, sanctorum communionem,	the holy Catholic Church, the communion of saints,
10. remissionem peccatorum,	the forgiveness of sins,
11. carnis resurrectionem,	the resurrection of the body,
12. vitam aeternam. Amen.	and the life everlasting. Amen.

Unveiling the Apostles' Creed

A Beacon of Christian Belief

In the tapestry of Christian faith, few threads are as intricately woven and universally revered as the Apostles' Creed. This ancient declaration stands as a cornerstone of belief, embodying the core tenets of Christianity and serving as a unifying force for believers across diverse denominations and centuries. Let us embark on a journey to explore the origins, significance, and enduring relevance of the Apostles' Creed.

Origins and Evolution:

The Apostles' Creed finds its roots in the early Christian communities of the first centuries after Christ's ministry. While not directly authored by the apostles themselves, it emerged as a succinct summary of their teachings and the fundamental doctrines of the Christian faith. Its composition likely evolved over time, gradually crystallizing into its familiar form by the fifth century.

Structure and Content:

Structured as a series of affirmations, the Apostles' Creed articulates key beliefs concerning God the Father, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit. It begins with a proclamation of faith in the triune God, acknowledging the Father as Creator, Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior, and the Holy Spirit as the divine presence in the life of believers. Each section encapsulates essential truths about God's nature, Christ's redemptive work, and the Christian hope of eternal life.

Significance and Unity:

One of the most remarkable aspects of the Apostles' Creed is its capacity to transcend denominational boundaries and theological differences. Across the vast spectrum of Christian traditions, believers recite these ancient words as a common confession of faith, affirming their shared identity as followers of Christ. In an age marked by division and discord, the Creed serves as a symbol of unity, binding believers together in a shared confession of foundational truths.

Practical Implications:

Beyond its theological significance, the Apostles' Creed holds practical implications for the lives of believers. By affirming belief in God's sovereignty, Christ's saving work, and the hope of resurrection, it offers comfort, assurance, and guidance in the midst of life's challenges. Moreover, the Creed serves as a guide for Christian discipleship, reminding believers of their calling to live out their faith in word and deed.

Enduring Relevance:

Despite the passage of centuries, the Apostles' Creed remains as relevant and potent today as it was in antiquity. Its timeless truths continue to inspire, instruct, and unite believers around the world, transcending cultural, linguistic, and theological barriers. In an age characterized by rapid change and uncertainty, the Creed stands as a steadfast anchor, grounding believers in the unchanging truths of the Christian faith.

Conclusion:

In a world filled with shifting sands and competing voices, the Apostles' Creed stands as a beacon of stability and clarity, guiding generations of believers in their journey of faith. As we recite its ancient words, let us remember the countless saints who have gone before us, professing their faith with courage and conviction. May the Apostles' Creed continue to inspire and uphold the Christian church until the end of time.

Through the Apostles' Creed, we affirm our belief in the God who created us, the Savior who redeemed us, and the Spirit who sustains us. In these timeless words, we find unity, strength, and hope for the journey ahead.

Soli Deo Gloria

The Nicene Creed 

We believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty maker of heaven and earth,of all that is,seen and unseen. 

We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only Son of God,eternally begotten of the Father,God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God,begotten, not made,of one being with the Father. Through him all things were made. For us and for our salvation, he came down from heaven, was incarnate of the Holy Spirit and the virgin Mary, and became fully human. For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate. He suffered death and was buried. On the third day he rose again in accordance with the Scriptures. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead, and his kingdom will have no end. 

We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son, who in unity with the Father and the Son is worshiped and glorified, who has spoken through the prophets. 

We believe in one holy catholic* and apostolic Church. 

We acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins. 

We look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen. 

- - -

* This reference is to the church universal. The creed existed before the word catholic was applied to the Roman Church.

We stand on the shoulders of long line of faithful Christians who have gone on before us, who now with Christ our Lord seated in the heavenly coliseum, cheering us on as we run the race set before us. They formulated the creed to define the doctrines and firmly establish the pillars on what our faith and beliefs stand on.

The Nicene Creed (/ˈnaɪsiːn/; Greek: Σύμβολον τῆς Νικαίας; Latin: Symbolum Nicaenum) is a Christian statement of belief widely used in liturgy. It is the defining creed of Nicene Christianity.

It is named for the city of Nicaea (present day İznik, Turkey) where it was originally adopted by the First Ecumenical Council, in 325. In 381, it was amended at the Second Ecumenical Council, at Constantinople. The amended form is also referred to as the Nicene Creed, or the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed for disambiguation.

We affirm 3 statements ;-

1. One God

2. God is 3 persons

3. Each one is fully God but of the same substance.

Icon depicting Emperor Constantine with Bishops of First Nicaea(#25),

 holding Niceno-Constantinoplitan Creed 381.

Comparison between creed of 325 and creed of 381

The following table, which indicates by [square brackets] the portions of the 325 text that were omitted or moved in 381, and uses italics to indicate what phrases, absent in the 325 text, were added in 381, juxtaposes the earlier (AD 325) and later (AD 381) forms of this Creed in the English translation given in Philip Schaff's compilation The Creeds of Christendom (1877).

First Council of Nicaea (325)	First Council of Constantinople (381)
We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of all things visible and invisible.	We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible.
And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, begotten of the Father [the only-begotten; that is, of the essence of the Father, God of God,] Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father;	And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, begotten of the Father before all worlds (æons), Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father;
By whom all things were made [both in heaven and on earth];	by whom all things were made;
Who for us men, and for our salvation, came down and was incarnate and was made man;	who for us men, and for our salvation, came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Ghost and of the Virgin Mary, and was made man;
He suffered, and the third day he rose again, ascended into heaven;	he was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate, and suffered, and was buried, and the third day he rose again, according to the Scriptures, and ascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of the Father;
From thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead.	from thence he shall come again, with glory, to judge the quick and the dead. ;
	whose kingdom shall have no end.
And in the Holy Ghost.	And in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Giver of life, who proceedeth from the Father, who with the Father and the Son together is worshiped and glorified, who spake by the prophets.
	In one holy catholic and apostolic Church; we acknowledge one baptism for the remission of sins; we look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen.
[But those who say: 'There was a time when he was not;' and 'He was not before he was made;' and 'He was made out of nothing,' or 'He is of another substance' or 'essence,' or 'The Son of God is created,' or 'changeable,' or 'alterable'— they are condemned by the holy catholic and apostolic Church.]

Originally the Nicene Creed said the Holy Spirit “proceeds from the Father.” But in AD 589 at a regional council in Toledo (Spain) the phrase “filioque” is a Latin term that means “and from the Son” was added. This is based on John 15:26 and John 16:7  where he says God the Father/Lord Jesus Christ would send the Holy Spirit when he got to heaven.

Soli Deo Gloria

Mystery of the Incarnation

Embracing the Mystery of the Incarnation

Walking by Faith

The incarnation of Jesus Christ stands as one of the most profound mysteries of the Christian faith. It is the belief that the eternal Son of God took on human flesh, becoming fully divine and fully human, a truth that transcends human comprehension. Much like the mystery of the Trinity, the incarnation invites us into a realm of divine mystery that eludes complete understanding.

In the early centuries of the Church, theologians grappled with the challenge of articulating this mystery. They sought to explain how the divine and human could be integrated into one person, Jesus Christ. However, their zealous efforts to provide answers sometimes led to doctrinal controversies and heresies. The journey of the early Church, culminating in the formulation of the Nicene Creed, serves as a testament to the struggle to articulate this mystery faithfully.

Scripture offers glimpses into the mystery of the incarnation, affirming the divinity and humanity of Christ. In the Gospel of John, we read, "And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth" (John 1:14). This verse encapsulates the profound reality of God taking on human form in the person of Jesus Christ.

Throughout history, theologians and poets have attempted to articulate the mystery of the incarnation in their writings and hymns. John Wesley, in his famous hymn, captures the essence of this mystery when he writes, "T’is mystery all the immortal dies; who can explore his strange design? In vain the first born seraph tries to plumb the depths of love divine."

Wesley's words remind us of the limitations of human understanding when confronted with the mystery of God's love manifested in Christ's sacrifice. Indeed, some mysteries of the faith may remain beyond our comprehension until we enter into glory. As Wesley concludes, "T’is mercy all, let earth adore, let Angel minds inquire no more."

In embracing the mystery of the incarnation, we are called to walk by faith, trusting in the revelation of God's love and wisdom. We confess with humility and awe that Jesus Christ is perfectly God and perfectly human, rejecting any deviation from this orthodox understanding as heresy.

As we journey in faith, we are reminded that some mysteries are meant to be embraced rather than fully understood. We trust in God's sovereignty and His unfathomable love for us, even as we await the full revelation of these mysteries in the glory of eternity. Until then, we walk by faith, confessing the mystery of the incarnation with reverence and awe.

Soli Deo Gloria

Affirming the Faith of Generations

Nicene Creed

In the tapestry of Christian belief, few documents are as enduring and influential as the Nicene Creed. Crafted in the crucible of theological debate and affirmed by councils of bishops, this ancient confession stands as a testament to the foundational truths of the Christian faith. Let us embark on a journey to explore the origins, significance, and enduring relevance of the Nicene Creed.

Origins and Development:

The Nicene Creed traces its origins to the First Council of Nicaea in AD 325, convened by Emperor Constantine to address theological controversies within the early church. At the heart of these debates was the nature of Christ's divinity and his relationship to the Father. Under the guidance of bishops and theologians, the council formulated a creed to clarify and affirm orthodox Christian belief.

Structure and Content:

Structured as a series of affirmations, the Nicene Creed articulates core doctrines concerning the nature of God, the person of Christ, and the work of the Holy Spirit. It begins with a proclamation of faith in the triune God, acknowledging the Father as Almighty, the Son as begotten of the Father, and the Holy Spirit as the giver of life. Each section elaborates on essential truths about the nature, character, and role of each person of the Trinity.

Significance and Unity:

One of the most significant aspects of the Nicene Creed is its role in fostering unity and doctrinal clarity within the Christian church. By affirming foundational truths about God's nature and Christ's divinity, it served as a bulwark against heresy and schism. Across diverse cultures, languages, and theological traditions, believers recite the Nicene Creed as a common confession of faith, affirming their shared identity as members of the body of Christ.

Defense Against Heresy:

Throughout history, the Nicene Creed has played a pivotal role in defending orthodox Christian belief against various heresies and theological challenges. From the Arian controversy of the fourth century to the debates surrounding the nature of Christ in subsequent centuries, the Creed has provided a theological framework for articulating and defending the church's understanding of essential doctrines. Its concise and precise language has served as a touchstone for evaluating theological teachings and affirming biblical truth.

Enduring Relevance:

Despite the passage of centuries, the Nicene Creed remains as relevant and potent today as it was in antiquity. Its timeless truths continue to inspire, instruct, and unite believers around the world, transcending cultural, linguistic, and theological boundaries. In an age marked by theological diversity and doctrinal confusion, the Nicene Creed stands as a beacon of clarity and orthodoxy, guiding believers in their journey of faith.

Conclusion:

In a world filled with shifting sands and competing voices, the Nicene Creed stands as a bulwark of orthodoxy and unity, safeguarding the faith of generations. As we recite its ancient words, let us remember the faithful witnesses who have gone before us, defending the truth with courage and conviction. May the Nicene Creed continue to inspire and uphold the Christian church until the end of time.

Through the Nicene Creed, we affirm our belief in the eternal God who created us, the incarnate Son who redeemed us, and the Holy Spirit who sanctifies us. In these timeless words, we find unity, strength, and hope for the journey ahead.

Soli Deo Gloria

Evolution of the Nicene Creed

Unveiling the Origins of the Nicene Creed

In the annals of Christian history, few documents carry the weight and significance of the Nicene Creed. Its formulation, born out of theological debates and ecclesiastical councils, stands as a testament to the enduring quest for doctrinal clarity and unity within the early Christian community. Let us delve into the origins and development of this venerable creed, tracing its roots to the historic First Council of Nicaea in AD 325.

Theological Controversies and the Council of Nicaea:

At the heart of the Nicene Creed lie profound theological questions concerning the nature of Christ's divinity and his relationship to the Father. In the early centuries of Christianity, these questions sparked intense debates and controversies, threatening the unity of the fledgling church. Emperor Constantine, recognizing the need to address these theological disputes, convened the First Council of Nicaea, bringing together bishops and theologians from across the Christian world.

Crafting a Creed of Orthodoxy:

Amidst the fervent deliberations of the council, the task of formulating a creed to articulate orthodox Christian belief became paramount. Guided by the Holy Spirit and drawing upon the rich theological heritage of Scripture and tradition, the assembled bishops and theologians labored to articulate a statement of faith that would clarify essential doctrines and safeguard the unity of the church. The result of their efforts was the Nicene Creed, a concise yet comprehensive expression of Christian faith.

Affirming the Divinity of Christ:

Central to the Nicene Creed is its affirmation of the divinity of Christ, declaring him to be "begotten, not made, of one Being with the Father." This assertion served as a bulwark against the teachings of Arianism, which denied the full deity of Christ and threatened to undermine the foundations of Christian orthodoxy. By affirming Christ's eternal and uncreated nature, the Nicene Creed upheld the church's confession of the Triune God.

The Legacy of Nicaea:

The legacy of the Council of Nicaea and the Nicene Creed reverberates through the corridors of Christian history. Not only did the council lay the groundwork for a definitive statement of faith, but it also established a precedent for resolving theological disputes through conciliar deliberation and consensus. The Nicene Creed, with its concise yet profound affirmations, continues to serve as a touchstone of Christian orthodoxy and a source of unity for believers across denominational lines.

Evolution and Reception:

In the centuries following the Council of Nicaea, the Nicene Creed underwent several revisions and adaptations as it was received and embraced by diverse Christian communities. The addition of the Filioque clause in the West and variations in language and expression reflect the ongoing development and reception of the creed within different cultural and theological contexts. Yet, despite these variations, the core affirmations of the Nicene Creed remain unchanged, providing a timeless confession of faith for believers around the world.

Conclusion:

The Nicene Creed stands as a beacon of theological clarity and unity in the midst of doctrinal diversity and debate. Rooted in the deliberations of the First Council of Nicaea and shaped by the wisdom of generations of theologians and believers, it continues to inspire and guide the faith of millions. As we reflect on its origins and development, may we be reminded of the enduring truths it proclaims and the unity it fosters among the body of Christ.

Soli Deo Gloria

From Ruler to Follower of Christ

The Transformation of Emperor Constantine

In the annals of history, few figures stand as prominently as Emperor Constantine the Great, whose reign marked a pivotal moment not only for the Roman Empire but also for the Christian faith. Born into a world of political intrigue and religious diversity, Constantine's journey from ruler to follower of Christ is a testament to the transformative power of faith. Let us explore the remarkable story of how Constantine came to embrace Christianity and the profound impact it had on his life and legacy.

Early Life and Rise to Power:

Born Flavius Valerius Constantinus in AD 272, Constantine came of age in the turbulent era of the late Roman Empire. Raised in the court of his father, Constantius Chlorus, a Roman general who would later become emperor, Constantine was exposed to the intricacies of imperial politics from a young age. Despite the challenges of his upbringing, Constantine distinguished himself as a capable and ambitious leader, eventually ascending to the throne as emperor of the Western Roman Empire in AD 306.

The Vision at the Battle of Milvian Bridge:

It was during his campaign for control of the Roman Empire that Constantine experienced a momentous encounter that would alter the course of his life forever. According to historical accounts, on the eve of the Battle of Milvian Bridge in AD 312, Constantine beheld a vision of a cross in the sky, accompanied by the words "In hoc signo vinces" or "In this sign, you will conquer." Inspired by this divine revelation, Constantine embraced the Christian faith and vowed to fight under the banner of the Christian God.

The Edict of Milan and Religious Tolerance:

Following his victory at the Battle of Milvian Bridge, Constantine emerged as the undisputed ruler of the Roman Empire. In a historic decree known as the Edict of Milan in AD 313, Constantine proclaimed religious tolerance and granted freedom of worship to Christians throughout the empire. This marked a significant departure from the persecution and oppression faced by Christians under previous regimes, signaling a new era of religious freedom and acceptance.

Patronage of the Church and Christian Influence:

As emperor, Constantine wielded considerable influence over the affairs of the Christian Church, providing patronage and support to the burgeoning Christian community. He convened the historic First Council of Nicaea in AD 325, where bishops and theologians gathered to address theological controversies and formulate the Nicene Creed, a foundational statement of Christian belief. Constantine's involvement in the council underscored his commitment to fostering unity and doctrinal orthodoxy within the church.

Legacy and Historical Impact:

Constantine's conversion to Christianity and his patronage of the church had far-reaching implications for both the Roman Empire and the Christian faith. His endorsement of Christianity helped to legitimize the religion and facilitated its rapid spread throughout the empire. Moreover, Constantine's establishment of Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) as the new capital of the Roman Empire further solidified Christianity's position as a dominant force in the Byzantine Empire.

Conclusion:

The story of Emperor Constantine's conversion to Christianity is a testament to the transformative power of faith and the enduring influence of religious conviction on the course of human history. From his vision at the Battle of Milvian Bridge to his patronage of the Christian Church, Constantine's journey exemplifies the profound impact that one individual can have on the fate of nations and the destiny of faith. As we reflect on his legacy, may we be inspired by his example to seek truth, embrace faith, and strive for justice and compassion in our own lives.

Soli Deo Gloria